Tag: basics

L.O.A.S.H’s Guide to (nearly) Everything: The Basics of Photography

by Elizabeth, posted in Create, Something Cool

Quote of AWESOMENESS: “Skill in photography is acquired by practice and not purchase.” – Percy W. Harris

Photography is a pretty cool skill to add to your skill set. For sure. However easy it is to shift that mode dial on your camera to Auto, I find it better that one would know how to adjust one’s camera settings to ones liking. TODAY, I shall teach you the knowledge that has been passed down to me about the specs of a camera. Let’s get to it 🙂

 

First, here’s a visual for you to get a gist of the parts of your camera:

Exposure:

A basic element of any photograph taken would be the exposure. It is also a very crucial and critical element as it determines the final product of your image. Exposure is how much light you the shot you took was exposed to, its a key component to how bright or dark the pictures you take appear. When the shot you took has too much light, resulting in an overly bright image, this is known as an overexposed image. Whereas when your image doesn’t have enough light, resulting in an image too dark, this is known as an underexposed image. Your camera exposure is pretty similar to your eye:

  • Pitch black room with no light = you can’t see anything
  • When an object is in front of us, we see it because of the light reflecting and bouncing off the object 
  • When your eyes haven’t properly adjusted to the light turned on as you woke up, everything may seem out of focus and too bright

See some similarities?

There are three essential adjustable elements that control the exposure. We will be diving more into them in a bit. These are the: ISO, Aperture, and Shutter Speed.

The ISO, Aperture, and Shutter Speed don’t only affect exposure but also are the biggest influence as to what the overall appearance of one’s image is. The mastery of these settings is highly important to achieve the desired result. The balance of all three is what will lead you to the success of what you want to capture.

 

Aperture: affects the depth of field and light

The Aperture is the hole inside the lens which light passes through. If you compare this to your eye, the aperture would basically be the “pupil” of your lens. When you make the aperture wider, you are allowing more light in and vice versa, just like how your eye operates.

Each aperture is one “stop” from the next. The lower the f-stop number, the wider the lens opening is and also more light is let in. The aperture settings from a larger lens opening to smaller lens openings goes: f/1, f/1.4, f/2, f/4, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22, and f/32. Some points to remember:

  • The lower the f-stop number = wider lens opening
  • Each setting lets in twice as much light as the next f-stop number up the scale 
    • Examples:
      • f/8 is a wider opening and lets in more light than f/11
      • f/11 lets in double the light of f/16, half as much as f/8
  • Larger openings have smaller numbers

The choice you make on your aperture is the choice you make on the focus that you have in your picture. 

 

Shutter Speed: affects light and motion

Aside from the aperture size, the shutter speed is another component that your camera has to control over the amount of light. Additionally, the shutter speed also affects the way that moving objects in your shot come out. Faster shutter speeds can freeze motion. With a slow shutter speed, you will have the ability to record slow-moving objects with some blur.  

 

 

Iso:

The ISO speed describes the sensor’s sensitivity to light. The higher the number the ISO you give, the less light it needs for correct exposure. There will be more noise or grain in your image as the ISO number goes up.

 

Summary:

Shutter – speed control: moving objects will be shown sharp, blurred, frozen in mid-motion in a range of options from a lot to a little bit. The faster the shutter speed, the shaper the moving object will appear. 

Aperture control: Changing the aperture is one way to control the sharpness. The smaller the aperture, the more of the picture that will be sharp.


I’ll update you guys will more photography awesomeness soon!!!

Yours truly,

L.O.A.S.H

© Elizabeth Anne Villoria

Python Basics!!!

by Elizabeth, posted in Awesome, Create, D.I.Y, Learn, Programming

Quote of awesomeness: “It’s harder to read code than to write it.” ~ Joel Spolsky

Let’s learn some basics!

Here are some simple datatypes:

  • Integers (whole number)
    • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6….

 

  • Floats (decimals)
    • 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5…..

 

  • String (anything in “quotation marks”)
    • “hello”, “my”, “awesome”, “readers!”

 

  • Boolean (I know, sounds kinda funny right)
    • these datatypes are values at two constant objects
    • a boolean is either True or False (yes, with a capital T and a capital F)

 

Want to do something cool? Yeah, me too. Okay, once you open up your terminal, type in and press enter. The next that should have happened is that your terminal should have showed this:

>>>

Did you know??!!: #when a hashtag is put in python, this is known as a comment and it doesn’t affect the code

Did you know that we can keep datatypes stored into variables? It works like this. When you write a variable a word or letter, for example, then followed by this is a equal sign you can assign a variable. Let’s try it out on your terminal! Try doing something similar to the following:

>>> x = “helllloooooo thereeee!!!”

When you pressed enter, you must have not seen anything happen but just another >>>. But, it’s okay, here’s the thing. The string I just put with the variable is now stored. So when I put my variable alone this is what happens:

>>> x

Press enter and theeeeen!!

>>> helllloooooo thereeee!!!

TADA! WASN’T THAT SUPER COOL?!?! And, that’s just the very basics of what can be reached with python. 

You can even do some math with python. The arithmetics might be slightly different but I’m sure you will get the hang of it soon!:

  • Multiply (it’s the asterisks sign)
    • * 
  • Division (it’s the slash)
    • / 
  • Addition (it’s the plus sign)
    • +
  • Subtraction (it’s the minus sign)
    • –
  • Exponentiation (it’s two asterisks)
    • **
  • Modulus (it’s the percentage sign) 
    • %
    • this divides a number with another number and inputs the remainder

Here’s an example of each of these signs and their outputs. You can also test this out on the python which we opened up earlier on the terminal.

multiplication, *

>>> 2 * 9

When we put the equation above, our output would be

>>> 18

 

division, /

>>> 256 / 2

The output would be:

>>> 128

 

addition, +

>>> 1000 + 1000

The output would be

>>> 2000

 

subtraction, –

>>> 500 – 200

The output would be:

>>> 300

exponentiation, **

>>> 4 ** 2

The output would be:

>>> 16

 

modulus, %

>>> 2 % 5

Would get the output of:

>>> 1

 

Go on. Try experimenting at your terminal!

!important! : Unlike other programming types, python is very picky with whitespace. Meaning the indentations! Sometimes an error on expected or unexpected indentations may rise here and there but it’s nothing a few backspaces or the tab button can’t handle.

We’ve gotten down with some of the very basics that can be done with programming. With what you’ve learned here so far try exploring and trying this out! 

Yours truly,

L.O.A.S.H