Project Python | Decipher game!

Quote of AWESOMENESS: “A little progress every day adds up to big results.” ~ Satya Nani

 

Hey, there! Today I have a project (made by yours truly 😉 ) that I made with Python!

The code has many challenges and things to be solved in order to proceed with the game. In my next blog, I will have more on encryption, ciphers, and some code to create a decipher! Use your awesome skills!

List of ciphers to solve in my code are: 

• Shift Cipher
• A1Z26 Cipher
• PigPen Cipher

import time
import random

player_name = input("What's your name?  ")

begin = input("Hello, it's good to have you back to base. We have another mission!")

print("\n")

print("Here's the back story:")

time.sleep(1)

print("Approximately 3.5 hours ago, we found out that one \nof our agents had been a double agent this whole time! \nAt night, he stole our secret codes in a suitcase and ran of into the night. \nWe have reason to believe that he hid the suitcase back in the enemies base. \nYour mission whether you choose to accept or not is to go and infiltrate the enemies headquarters and get the suitcase back.")

time.sleep(1)

luck = input("We wish you luck agent!")

print("\n")

time.sleep(1)

start = input("Let's begin!")

first_obstacle = input("You finally made your way into the tunnels under the enemy's base which \nasks for a fifteen-digit code to enter.")

first_obstacle1 = input("\nLuckily, you know that your base has this code stored in their archives \nso you send a message.")

print("...")

time.sleep(1)

print("...")

time.sleep(1)

print("...")

time.sleep(1)

print("...")

time.sleep(1)

print("*phone beeps*")

print("\n")

time.sleep(2)

print("The message sent to you is encrypted and all that you have are these letters:")

time.sleep(.5)

print("FTW PAAD'E BMEEOAPQ UE GZUOADZEMDQDQMX")

hint = input("hint: this is a shift cypher")

time.sleep(2)

print("\n")

player_answer = False

while not player_answer:

    playeranswer = input("What is the code to open the door?  ")

    if playeranswer == "unicornsarereal":

        player_answer = True

    elif playeranswer == "opensesame":

        print("haha... nice try.. but no")

    elif playeranswer == "imcool":

        print("Mhmm I'm sure you are but still not the passcode")

    elif playeranswer == "":

        print("You have to put something. TRY AGAIN")

    else:

        print("TRY AGAIN")

print("\n")

print("Good job, now time to proceed to finding the files")

time.sleep(1.5)

findfiles = input("\nUsing your gps on the special case you're trying to locate, \nyou come across a small safe that you find in the headquarters offices...")

time.sleep(1)

case = input("\nIn order to open the case, you have to solve the following:")

print("op en th es af eb yt ta pp in gt he to of th de sk tw ic ea nd hu mx")

time.sleep(1)

options = input("\nYOU HAVE THREE OPTIONS:")

print("")

print("""

1. Keep hitting the safe until it opens

2. Tap the desk twice, humming

3. Start singing Let It Go

""")

guessed = False

get_caught = 0

hit_the_safe = 0

while not guessed:

    action = input("\nWhat do you have to do to open the safe?  ")

    if action == "1":

        hit_the_safe += 1

        if hit_the_safe > 1:

            print("NO, we did this already and it didn't work, do another one")

        else:

            print("\nUh oh, you keep hitting the safe but it doesn't do anything but sound an alarm!")

            time.sleep(1.5)

            print("You try hiding but it is too late")

            print("")

            print("\"HEY YOU THERE COME HERE!\"")

            run = input("\nWill you RUN or COME?").lower()

            if run == "run":

                print("\nYou try running but they catch you.")

            elif run == "come":

                print("\nYou come with them and think of a way to escape")

            print("")

            trapped = input("You are brought into a room and are trapped. \nFortunately, you sent a distress message to your base in the nick of time. \nOne of the best hackers in your base was able to find out the 5-digit number code to escape.")    

            print("\n CODE: SMILE")

            h = False

            while not h:

                escape = input("What do you input into the keypad to escape?")

                if escape == "45118":

                    print("\n YES, the door slides open and you run back to the safe to unlock it.")

                    h = True

                else:

                    print("ERROR!", escape, "did not work, DO ANOTHER CODE")

    elif action == "2":

        solved = input("\nYes! You did it! The safe opens slowly and you get a small scroll and a key.")

        guessed = True

    elif action == "3":

        print("\nBeautiful voice! But, the safe door doesn't move an inch. TRY AGAIN.")

    elif action == "":

        print("You have to put something")

    else:

        print("Only put 1, 2, or 3")

print("")

scroll = input("You open the small scroll and it reads:")

solve = input("""

                                                 CASE LOCATION:

                                                    ROOM 14

                                                  UNDER QOFDSH

                                     _________                _________    _________    _________   _________         _________    

                    |  |         |  |    ●    |      /\      |         |  |    ●    |  |         |           |    /  |    ●    |

                    |  |         |  |         |     /● \     |         |  |         |  |         |           |   /   |         |

                    |  |         |  |         |    /    \    |         |  |         |  |         |          ●|  < ●  |         |

PASSCODE:           |  |         |  |         |   /      \   |         |  |         |  |         |           |   \   |         |

           _________|  |_________|  |         |  /        \  |_________|  |         |  |_________|  _________|    \  |         |

""")

print("\nYou put the scroll back and run quitely to room 12")

answer = False

print("""

    Pick where you are going to check:

    1. Under the desk

    2. Under the carpet

    3. Behind the painting

    """)

while not answer:

    answered = input("Where is the case?  ")

    if answered == "1":

        print("\nYou look under the desk but find nothing. TRY AGAIN.")

    elif answered == "2":

        print("\nYou lift the carpet up and find another safe.")

        answer = True

    elif answered == "3":

        print("\nYou take down the painting on the wall but find just wall. TRY AGAIN.")

    else:

        print("Enter 1, 2, or 3 only")

suitcase = input("\nYOU'VE SUCCESSFULLY FOUND WHERE THEY HID THE CASE")

but = input("However, you still need the passcode...")

player_answer = False

while not player_answer:

    playeranswer = input("Passcode to open the safe is:   ")

    if playeranswer == "opensesame":

        player_answer = True

    else:

        print("TRY AGAIN")

print("""

YOU DID IT YAY! YOU HEAD BACK TO YOUR BASE. GOOD JOB, AGENT! WE KNEW WE COULD COUNT ON YOU.

""")

              

    Try the code and add more levels and experiment with it! 

have a great day and a great weekend :))

 

Yours truly, 

L.O.A.S.H

 

---

 © Elizabeth Anne Villoria

 

PROject Python | Blackjack (#extremely.cool.it’s.kinda.unbelieveable,just.saying)

Quote of AWESOMENESS: “Thinking is already a conversation” ~ Paul Pangaro

 

Hey there!

I know it’s been awhile but here I am with another Python project. Today, you will be learning the code for blackjack! Just put it out on your editor, study the code, and explore the game on your terminal. It was quite some challenge getting toward the end of finishing up the game. And, at some point, problems and bugs constantly came up that I didn’t that it would actually get done. BUT, nevertheless, it’s finally hereeee!!

*ahem, drum rollllllllll*

*cricket sounds*

*Umm….. DRUMMM ROLLLL!!!……. please?*

*DRUM ROLLLLLLLLLL (in the background, finally)*

TADA!!!!:

#import the random library from python
from random import *


#Function Definitions 
def deal_from_deck(deck):
    if len(deck)<1:
         create_deck(deck)
         shuffle_deck(deck)
         deal_cards()

def deal_cards(deck):
    return deck.pop(0)

def define_cards(n):
    rank_string = ("ace", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "jack", "queen","king")
    suit_string = ("clubs", "diamonds", "hearts", "spades")
    cards = []

    for suit in range(4):
        for rank in range(13):
            card_string = rank_string[rank] + " of " + suit_string[suit]
            cards.append(card_string)
    return cards[n]

def create_deck(deck):
    for i in range(52):
        deck.append(i)
    return

def shuffle_deck(deck):
    shuffle(deck)
    return

def card_value(n):
    vals = (11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10)
    card_vals = []

    for s in range(4):
        for r in range(13):
            card_vals.append(vals[r])
    return card_vals[n]

def card_display(n):
    name = define_cards(n)
    val = card_value(n)
    print (name + " : " + str(val))

def show_cards(hand):
    for card in hand:
        card_display(card)


def hand_val(hand):
    list = []
    for card in hand:
        list.append(card_value(card))
    if sum(list) > 21:
        for i in range(len(list)):
            if list[i] == 11:
                list[i] = 1
    return sum(list)





# Initializing
drawn_hands = 0
player_wins = 0
dealer_win = 0
deck = []
player_hand = []
dealer_hand = []
playing = True


#Processing
create_deck(deck)
shuffle_deck(deck)

for i in range(2):
    card = deal_cards(deck)
    card2 = deal_cards(deck)
    player_hand.append(card)
    dealer_hand.append(card2)


# put in a loop for player hand
print()
print("--------------------")
print("Dealer shows: ")
card_display(dealer_hand[0])
print("--------------------")

while playing == True:
    player_val = hand_val(player_hand)
    print()
    print()
    print("* * * * * * * * * * *")
    print("Your current hand is...")
    show_cards(player_hand)
    print(hand_val(player_hand))
    print("* * * * * * * * * * *")
    print()
    print()
    if player_val < 22:
        response = input("Would you like another card?")
        if response == "yes":
            player_hand.append(deal_cards(deck))
        else:
            playing = False
    else:
        playing = False
        print("sorry you busted")
        print("Thanks for playing")
        exit()

# check if it is higher than 21, if yes then end program, dealer hand wins
show_cards(dealer_hand)

playing = True
while playing == True:
    if hand_val(dealer_hand) < 17:
        dealer_hand.append(deal_cards(deck))
    else:
        playing = False

print()
print()
print("****************")
print("Dealer has:")
print(show_cards(dealer_hand))
print("****************")
print()
print()

if hand_val(dealer_hand) > 21:
    print("The dealer busted")
    show_cards(dealer_hand)
    print("You win!")
    exit()
elif hand_val(dealer_hand) > hand_val(player_hand):
    print("Dealer wins")
    show_cards(dealer_hand)
    exit()
elif hand_val(player_hand) > hand_val(dealer_hand):
    print("You win!")
    show_cards(player_hand)
    exit()
else:
    print("It's a draw")
    exit()

 

don’t forget to smile & be awesome 🙂

Yours truly, 

L.O.A.S.H

 

---

 © Elizabeth Anne Villoria

PROject Python: Hangman Game!

Quote of AWESOMENESS: “First, solve the problem. Then, write the code.” ~ John Johnson

Yup, I know, this is like the fourth blog in a row that relates to Python. BUT, it’s okay! This one is really fun. The program we will be making today is Hangman. The code is shown below:

import random

def print_game_rules(max_incorrect,word_len):
    print("This game we will be playing hangman!")

def display_figure(bad_guesses):
    gallows = (
        """
            +----------+
            |
            |
            |
            |
            |
        ================
        """,
        """
            +----------+
            |          o
            |
            |
            |
            |
        ================
        """,
        """
            +----------+
            |          o
            |          +---
            |
            |
            |
        ================
        """,
        """
            +----------+
            |          o
            |       ---+---
            |
            |
            |
        ================
        """,
        """
            +----------+
            |          o
            |       ---+---
            |          |
            |
            |
        ================
        """,
        """
            +----------+
            |          o
            |       ---+---
            |          |
            |         /
            |        /
        ================
        """,
        """
            +----------+
            |          o
            |       ---+---
            |          |
            |         / \
            |        /   \
        ================
        """
    )
    print(gallows[bad_guesses])
    return()

def prompt_for_letter():
    print("")
    player_guess = str(input("Guess a letter in the mystery word: "))
    player_guess = player_guess.strip()
    player_guess = player_guess.lower()
    print("")
    return(player_guess)

animal_words = ("horse", "mall", "desktop", "apple", "earth", "tree", "sun", "can", "love", "dog", "door", "house", "mansion", "beach", "computer", "window", "keyboard", "airplane", "hotel", "cat")
theword = random.choice(animal_words)
word_len = len(theword)
letterguess = word_len * ["_"]
max_incorrect = 6
alphabet = ("a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x","y","z")
letters_tried = []
number_guesses = 0
letters_correct = 0
incorrect_guesses = 0
###############################
# PROCESSING SECTION
# Branching code: if/else
# Looping code: for-loop, while-loop
###############################

print("This game is hangman.")
while (incorrect_guesses != max_incorrect) and (letters_correct != word_len):
    letter = prompt_for_letter()
    if letter in alphabet:
        if letter in letters_tried:
            print("You already picked", letter)
        else:
            letters_tried.append(letter)
            if theword.find(letter) == -1:
                print("the letter", letter,"is not in the word")
                incorrect_guesses += 1
                print("***********************")
                print(incorrect_guesses)
            else:
                print("the letter", letter,"is in the word")
                for i in range(word_len):
                    if letter == theword[i]:
                        letterguess[i] = letter
                        letters_correct += 1
                    else:
                        pass
    else:
        print("Please guess a single letter in the alphabet.")


    x = ""
    print(x.join(letterguess))
    a = ""
    print("Letters tried so far: ", a.join(letters_tried))
    if incorrect_guesses == max_incorrect:
        print("Sorry, too many incorrect guesses. You are hanged.")
        print("The word was", theword)
    if letters_correct == word_len:
        print("You guessed all the letters in the word!")
        print("The word was", theword)



    display_figure(incorrect_guesses)

 

Honestly, this was a challenging project at the start and I had quite a few obstacles that were highly annoying but eventually here we are!

 

Pssst, don’t forget to be awesome today.

Yours truly, 

L.O.A.S.H

 

---

 © Elizabeth Anne Villoria 

 

 

PROject Python: Making Functions Pt. 2

Quote of AWESOMENESS: “Good software, like wine, takes time.” ~ Joel Spotsky

Helloooo!

Back again with another Python Project! Isn’t it just great?

yes. yes, it is.

Anyways! Let’s jump right into it.

The function we will be making today is one that is (extremely) awesome. We will be making out very own function that makes circles by itself! Once created, all a person has to do when using your function would be putting in the argument area the size, color, locations and other specifics that one would usually want to specify.

# remember that when we put a hashtag we are making a comment

# first thing to do is import the turtle library that comes with python
from turtle import *

# next, is the setup
setup()

# here, we are putting a title to the program we will be creating
title("Olympic Function")

turtle = Turtle()

# you can change the color if you'd like it's just for the background screen color
bgcolor("white")

# now, here is where the magic begins! 
# when making a function we must use the keyword def
# you can change the name of the function (it's the draw_ring one that you can change the name to whatever you would like)
# inside the () beside the function we just defined, we put in our arguments

def draw_ring(x,y,turtlecolor,size,turtle):

    # once the function gets called, the turtle.up() would put the pen we will be using for drawing up
    turtle.up()

    # this tells the turtle where to go, it's location
    turtle.goto(x,y)
  
    # then, the pen goes down and it ready to start drawing on the screen with turtle.down()
    turtle.down()

    # here's a cool thing we add to our function to add some color and life to our circle
    turtle.color(turtlecolor)

    # this would, as you may see in the args (a.k.a argument), chooses the size of the circle
    turtle.circle(size)

    # finally, once the circle is created successfully and the function is done, the turtle hides
    turtle.hideturtle()

###############################
######  TESTING SECTION  ###### 

# here's where we test our creation!
# try it out! call your function then put in the specifics of your circle

draw_ring(-250,0,"red",75,turtle)
draw_ring(-80,0,"pink",75,turtle)
draw_ring(90,0,"red",75,turtle)
draw_ring(-165,-75,"pink",75,turtle)
draw_ring(90,0,"red",75,turtle)
draw_ring(7,-75,"pink",75,turtle)

done()

 

Here’s the result of the function above!

AWESOMENESSSSSSSSSSSSSS! TRY IT OUT AND HAVE FUN!

 

Hope you’re having an amazing day 🙂

Yours truly, 

L.O.A.S.H

 

---

 © Elizabeth Anne Villoria 

PROject Python: Making a function

Quote of AWESOMENESS: “The function of leadership is to produce more leaders, not more followers” ~ Ralph Leader

Hiii!

Functions are so useful and cool at the same time and right now I’m going to teach just how to make one!

But, before we go there, what exactly is a function? It’s somewhat like a pre-made command that you get to customize yourself. For example, you wanted to make five circles, imagine you would have to make each circle repeating how big you wanted it to be, the color, locations, and others. But, if you had a function, you would make it so much simpler in just adding the code and copy-pasting the function.

Here’s the code for a function:

[remember: WHITESPACE is very important in Python]

# This hastag is a comment and won't affect the code
# We start making function by defining it with the word def
# The thing written inside the parenthesis is called the argument
# Remember to put the colon then the indentation will be proper, too

def list(alist):
    # Here, I'm setting the variable a to number 0
    a = 0

    # This is a for-loop and the i just stands for index 
    for i in alist:
        if i > 0:
            a += 1
        else:
            pass
    print(a)


# Here is the actual function in action!
# Test section
mylist = [2,-4,5,-16,-20]
mylist2 = [2,6,8,-4]
mylist3 = [-5,-6,-7,-8,10]


list(mylist)
list(mylist2)
list(mylist3)

This is just a simple example of what you can make of a function. Try it out! 

 

Don’t forget to be awesome!

Yours truly, 

L.O.A.S.H

 

---

 © Elizabeth Anne Villoria 

 

Project Python: Advanced Number Guessing Game (#fun)

Quote of AWESOMENESS: “Creativity is intelligence having fun” ~ Albert Einstein

Hey, guys!

Back again with another python program.

Awesome isn’t?

Now, this program is an “advanced” version of a guessing number game. So basically, the program gives the user three guesses and the numbers are ranging from 1-10. Through each time the user types in the answer and is wrong, the input would spit out either “too high” or “too low” indicating what the user’s next move should be.

Mix around with it and experiment like maybe adding a wider range of numbers to guess from or maybe adding riddles to guess the number. This code is somewhat the basis of what else can be built with it, so be creative and have fun! 

Here’s the code:

---

---

import random

range = random.randint(1, 10)

user_guess = 0

guess_counter = 0

print(“This is a guessing game and you will be given three tries to win! \nThe range will be between 1 and 10. \nGood luck!!”)

while guess_counter < 3:

user_guess = input(“What’s your guess?”)

guess_counter += 1

if user_guess.isnumeric():

user_guess = int(user_guess)

if user_guess < range:

print(“too low”)
elif user_guess > range:
print(“too high”)
else:
break

else:
print(“Not a number!”)

if user_guess == range:
print(“Awesome! You won!!”)
else:
print(“The number was actually”, range)
print(“Try again!”)

---

---

 

Have an awesome weekend!

Yours truly, 

L.O.A.S.H

 

---

 © Elizabeth Anne Villoria 

L.O.A.S.H’s Guide to (nearly) Everything: Arduino Color Lamp Mixer!

Quote of awesomeness: “Is not about creating an object. It is about creating a perspective.” ~ Albert Paley

Level of hardness: intermediate (You can do this!)

Heyyy!!!! Here’s another Arduino project for you!

For this project, you will need the following:

• 1x Arduino UNO Board
• 1x USB Cable Type A/B
• 1x Breadboard
• 1x RGB LED 
• 3x 220-Ohm Resistor
• 3x 10k-Ohm Resistor
• 3x Photoresistors
• 13x Jumper Wires

 

Step 1:

The first step is two connect your breadboard to your Arduino and it should look something like the photo above. Then, add your RGB LED to your breadboard. 

Step 2:

 

Next, you need to grab another wire and connect the other positive lane of the breadboard to the negative lane on the other side of the breadboard.

 

Step 3:

In this step, we will be placing the three 220-Ohm Resistors to three of the legs of the RGB LED. You will only be placing the resistors on the R, G and B of the RGB LED, this will leave you with one leg unconnected.

 

Step 4:

For this step, you will be needing four wires. Remember I told you that you were left with one leg of the RGB LED which isn’t connected? Well, it’s time to connect it now! Place one end of the wire to the remaining leg of the RGB LED then place the other end to the negative lane of the board. In the photo, the wire which I used for this connection is white.

With the other three wires, connect it to each of the 220-ohm resistors. Then, connect the other end of the wires to the Arduino 9, 19, and 11.

 

Step 5:

Let’s place the photo-resistors on the breadboard so that they cross the center divide from one side to the other. 

 

Step 6:

Now, connect the 10k-Ohm resistors to one side of the photo-resistors and the other side to the negative lane of the breadboard.

 

Step 7:

Taking three other wires, connect it between the photo-resistor and the 10k-Ohm resistor then connect the other end to the Analog In pins 0, 1, and 2 on the Arduino.

 

Step 8:

Going on the other side of the photo-resistor, connect each leg to the positive lane of the Arduino with three wires.

Your result should look something like this!

 

Step 9:

This is the final step! Connect your Arduino to your computer, fire up your Arduino and copy paste in the following code:

const int greenLEDPin = 9;
const int redLEDPin = 11;
const int blueLEDPin = 10;

const int redSensorPin = A0;
const int greenSensorPin = A1;
const int blueSensorPin = A2;

int redValue = 0;
int greenValue = 0;
int blueValue = 0;

int redSensorValue = 0;
int greenSensorValue = 0;
int blueSensorValue = 0;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(greenLEDPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(redLEDPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(blueLEDPin, OUTPUT);

}

void loop() {
redSensorValue = analogRead(redSensorPin);
delay(5);
greenSensorValue = analogRead(greenSensorPin);
delay(5);
blueSensorValue = analogRead(blueSensorPin);

Serial.print(“Raw Sensor Value \t Red: “);
Serial.print(redSensorValue);
Serial.print(“\t Green: “);
Serial.print(greenSensorValue);
Serial.print(“\t Blue: “);
Serial.print(blueSensorValue);

redValue = redSensorValue/4;
greenValue = greenSensorValue/4;
blueValue = blueSensorValue/4;

Serial.print(“Mapped Sensor Values \t Red: “);
Serial.print(redValue);
Serial.print(“\t Green: “);
Serial.print(greenValue);
Serial.print(“\t Blue: “);
Serial.println(blueValue);

analogWrite(redLEDPin, redValue);
analogWrite(greenLEDPin, greenValue);
analogWrite(blueLEDPin, blueValue);
}

 

Then watch as your RGD LED comes to life! It should change, mix and fade in different colours as the light around it changes, too! Awesome, right?? Yeah, it totally is.

Yours truly,

L.O.A.S.H

 

---

 © Elizabeth Anne Villoria 

 

Python Basics!!!

Quote of awesomeness: “It’s harder to read code than to write it.” ~ Joel Spolsky

Let’s learn some basics!

Here are some simple datatypes:

• Integers (whole number)
  • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6….

 

• Floats (decimals)
  • 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5…..

 

• String (anything in “quotation marks”)
  • “hello”, “my”, “awesome”, “readers!”

 

• Boolean (I know, sounds kinda funny right)
  • these datatypes are values at two constant objects
  • a boolean is either True or False (yes, with a capital T and a capital F)

 

Want to do something cool? Yeah, me too. Okay, once you open up your terminal, type in and press enter. The next that should have happened is that your terminal should have showed this:

>>>

Did you know??!!: #when a hashtag is put in python, this is known as a comment and it doesn’t affect the code

Did you know that we can keep datatypes stored into variables? It works like this. When you write a variable a word or letter, for example, then followed by this is a equal sign you can assign a variable. Let’s try it out on your terminal! Try doing something similar to the following:

>>> x = “helllloooooo thereeee!!!”

When you pressed enter, you must have not seen anything happen but just another >>>. But, it’s okay, here’s the thing. The string I just put with the variable is now stored. So when I put my variable alone this is what happens:

>>> x

Press enter and theeeeen!!

>>> helllloooooo thereeee!!!

TADA! WASN’T THAT SUPER COOL?!?! And, that’s just the very basics of what can be reached with python. 

You can even do some math with python. The arithmetics might be slightly different but I’m sure you will get the hang of it soon!:

• Multiply (it’s the asterisks sign)
  • * 
• Division (it’s the slash)
  • / 
• Addition (it’s the plus sign)
  • +
• Subtraction (it’s the minus sign)
  • –
• Exponentiation (it’s two asterisks)
  • **
• Modulus (it’s the percentage sign) 
  • %
  • this divides a number with another number and inputs the remainder

Here’s an example of each of these signs and their outputs. You can also test this out on the python which we opened up earlier on the terminal.

---

multiplication, *

>>> 2 * 9

When we put the equation above, our output would be

>>> 18

---

 

division, /

>>> 256 / 2

The output would be:

>>> 128

---

 

addition, +

>>> 1000 + 1000

The output would be

>>> 2000

---

 

subtraction, –

>>> 500 – 200

The output would be:

>>> 300

---

exponentiation, **

>>> 4 ** 2

The output would be:

>>> 16

---

 

modulus, %

>>> 2 % 5

Would get the output of:

>>> 1

---

 

Go on. Try experimenting at your terminal!

!important! : Unlike other programming types, python is very picky with whitespace. Meaning the indentations! Sometimes an error on expected or unexpected indentations may rise here and there but it’s nothing a few backspaces or the tab button can’t handle.

We’ve gotten down with some of the very basics that can be done with programming. With what you’ve learned here so far try exploring and trying this out! 

Yours truly,

L.O.A.S.H

L.O.A.S.H’s Guide to (nearly) Everything: How to Make an Arduino Robot Arm

Level of hardness: Intermediate

I’m so excited!

This project is just extremely awesome and awe-spiring that I can’t wait for you guys to try it out!

We. Are. Going. To. Make. An. Arduino. Robot. Arm!!!!!! I know, I know super cool. Now, without further ado, let’s jump right into this project.

The following are what you will need to gather:

• 1x Arduino UNO Board
• 1x Breadboard
• 1x USB Cable Type A/B
• 2x Button
• 2x 10k-Ohm Resistor
• 3x Potentiometer
• 5x LED (A.K.A light-emitting diode, A.K.A miniature looking light bulb-ish)
• 5x 220 Ohm Resistor
• 20x Jumper Wires

Step 1:

First, let’s start by putting the potentiometers, the buttons, and the LED’s on our breadboard.

We will be placing 3 potentiometers, 2 buttons, and 5 LED’s. For your reference, the photo above can help. Yes, I did say 5 LED’s but I forgot to place the fifth LED in this photo, but you should put 5.

Here are some important basics to understand about an LED:

Cathode (-, shorter side)

Anode (+, longer side)

Step 2:

RESISTORS. Resistors. resistors.

Here, in this photo, I’ve put 5 LED’s

Place five of your 220 Ohm Resistors on each of the Anodes (+) sides of each of your LED’s and the other end of the resistor to the negative side lane on your breadboard which we will later connect to the GND on your Arduino board. I’ve placed another photo above showing where I’ve placed my 220 Ohm Resistors.

Here, I circled each of the legs (Anode side) which I connected my 220 Ohm Resistors to

Now, take both of your 10k-Ohm Resistors. You will have to place one side of your resistor to only one of the button’s leg. Do this for both buttons. Here is another picture but of the buttons and resistor placing.

We have finished placing all the resistors we will be needing in this project. You guys are doing an awesome job, btw!

Step 3:

This step will be really quick.

All we need to is get two jumper wires, first. Then, connect the Negative lane on your breadboard to your GND on your Arduino, and, the positive lane of on your breadboard to the 5V on your Arduino (you can find this right beside the GND, usually).

Here is the overview of everything so far

Done with this step. Great job!

Step 4:

For this step, you will be needing 5 of your jumper wires.

We will be connecting each of the LED’s on the breadboard onto the Arduino UNO board with your jumper wires.

Here is the first LED I connected. We will be connected the other leg (cathode, shorter side) of the LEDs to these numbers on the Arduino in order:

• 2
• 3
• 4
• 7
• 8

I will also be numbering the LEDs on the next photo so that it will be easier to know which we will be connecting to which.

This shows where I connected my jumper wires to the LEDs

We will connect:

• LED 1 to 2 on the Arduino board
• LED 2 to 3 on the Arduino board
• LED 3 to 4 on the Arduino board
• LED 4 to 7 on the Arduino board
• LED 5 to 8 on the Arduino board

Step 5:

I know that wiring could be a tedious job but it’s okay because I know you can do it.

Wiring is very important because it connects. It works as that bridge that can help cars go back and forth and connect with other cities. If you have a bulb and a power source you can’t just put it beside each other or clink it together to light the bulb up (even that would be super cool if that’s how easy it was), you need to connect it through wires. So, let’s continue? Yes.

In this step, we will be wiring the buttons and the potentiometers.

Here in this photo I got two jumper wires and connected one end to the remaining unconnected leg of the buttons and connected the other side of the jumper wire to the positive (+) lane on the breadboard

That was easy, wasn’t it?

We are nearly done!

Let’s start wiring the potentiometers now.

For the potentiometer, it’s going to be slightly harder.

In this photo, I’ve connected 3 jumper wires to the right side of the potentiometer then connected the other end of the wire to the Negative lane of the breadboard (A.K.A GND).

And, then, I got 3 more wires and connected it to the left side of my potentiometer then connected the other end to the Positive Lane on the breadboard.

I’ve added the numbers on top of each potentiometer so that it’s easier to understand how to connect it to the Arduino.

As you may see on the picture to your left, I’ve added 3 white jumper wires to each of the middles of the potentiometers because we will connect this to the Arduino Board. Connect potentiometer 1 to the A0 on the Arduino UNO Board | Connect potentiometer 2 to the A1 on the Arduino UNO Board | Connect Potentiometer 3 to the A3 on the Arduino UNO Board.

Step 6:

In this step, grab two more jumper wires and connect both ends of the lanes on each side of the breadboard to each other. I used the black and red wire here.

You will need to connect the Negative lanes on each side to each other and the Positive lane on each side to each other.

Tada! Next step.

Step 7:

Seeeeervoooo Moooootooooors.

We are nearing the last of our steps. KEEP GOING!

We will add the servo motors to our breadboard and I put mine side by side to each other.

I connected three jumper wires each for three of my servos, meaning 9 jumper wires in total.

About servo motors in Arduino:

• They usually have 3 plug pins (this is where I connected my jumper wires to)

Take a look at your servo motor. You will probably notice there are three colored wires. Each color represents 3 different things. The colors could actually be different sometimes but, as you see here, my colors are brown, red, and yellow.

• The brown is the Ground/Negative (-)
• The red is Positive (+) [This wire is usually located at the center of all the three wires]
• The yellow is the Signal

Your wires on your servo motors might be different and you might be thinking “WHAT!?!?” but it’s okay (that’s what I thought too) here is how you can compare it to mine to find the similarities:

• The Ground/Negative is usually | Black or Brown (in my case, it’s brown)
• The Positive is always Red
• The Signal can be either | Orange, Yellow, or White (in my case, it’s Yellow)

Better?

Awesome, let’s proceed.

These are what you need to connect with your Servos:

• Connect each of the GND/Negative (Black or brown wire) on each of your servo motors to the positive lane on your breadboard (I used a white jumper wire, check the photo above for reference)
• Connect each of the Positive (Red wire) on each of your servo motors to the negative lane on your breadboard (I used an orange jumper wire)
• Lastly, connect each of the signals (Orange, Yellow, or white wire) of your servo motors to: 5, 6, and, 9 on your Arduino

I know it’s a bit of a mess. But, there are three wires that you can find colored: 1x black & 2x green. These are the wires that connect to the Arduino

Step 8:

This is our last time! Congratulations!!!

Connect your Arduino to your computer, fire up the Arduino app on your computer, copy paste the code below and press Upload.

Now, the challenge whether you choose to accept it or not is to build your own robot arm out of cardboard or you can check this —-> here which was made by Ryan Chan. Shoutout to him, btw. I hope you enjoyed this! I certainly had an awesome time and I hope you did, too!

You can teach others and share your awesome knowledge on building an arduino robot arm, I give some bragging rights.

Thanks so much for reading!

Yours truly,

L.O.A.S.H

L.O.A.S.H’s Arduino Projects: Controlling Servo Motors with a Joystick

With this project, you will be able to control two servo motors with a joystick with Arduino! 

For this project you will need to gather:

• Arduino Board

• Breadboard

• Wires | x13

• Servo Motors | x2

• Battery 

 

To make this (really cool) project, you will need to:

Step 1: Battery

Connect your external battery to your breadboard.

 

Step 2: Wiring 

Get a piece of wire and connect one end to GND on your Arduino Board and the other end to the negative channel on your breadboard.

Step 3: Servo Motors

Get your two servo motors and 6 wires. Connect the VCC and the GND of the two servos to the VCC and GND on the breadboards inputs. Then, connect your first Servo Signal Connect to the Arduino Digital PMW 3 on your Arduino Board.

 In case you aren’t very familiar with the Arduino Digital PMW 3, it looks like the photo below as well as the Digital PMW 5 and the blue wire from the first servo…

Your second Servo Signal Connect should be connected to the Arduino Digital PMW 5.

Step 4: JoyStick

Connect the GND on your Joystick to the GND on the Arduino Board.

Then, connect the +5V on your joystick to the 5V on the Arduino Board.

Then, connect the VRx on your joystick to the A0 on the Arduino Board.

Then, connect the VRy on your joystick to the A1 on the Arduino Board.

The photo below shows where I connected what and where. Just look at the corresponding colors to which wire and the connection.

It also looks something like this….

 

Step 5:  The Code

Open up your Arduino on your computer and copy the code below:

//add the servo library
#include <Servo.h>

//define our servos
Servo servo1;
Servo servo2;

//define joystick pins (Analog)
int joyX = 0;
int joyY = 1;

//variable to read the values from the analog pins
int joyVal;

void setup() 

{ //attaches our servos on pins PWM 3-5
servo1.attach(3);
servo2.attach(5); }

void loop() 

{ //read the value of joysticks (between 0-1023)
joyVal = analogRead(joyX);
joyVal = map (joyVal, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
servo1.write(joyVal);

joyVal = analogRead(joyY);
joyVal = map(joyVal, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
servo2.write(joyVal);
delay(15); }

Step 6: Verify, Connect and Upload

Once you verify and save the code, you can connect your Arduino board to your computer and upload the code to your board. Tada! 

Step 7: Have fun and Experiment

Yay! We’ve finally finished yet another Arduino Project. You guys are so awesome! Now, after playing around with this, you can try to experiment maybe add more things (an example, “lights, perhaps?”).

Wait, if you are having any problems uploading or your project isn’t functioning properly, you should double check your wiring and maybe check which Port your Arduino (on your computer) connected to in the tools. If there is anything else don’t be shy to comment down below!

 

Yours truly, 

L.O.A.S.H