Quote of awesomeness: “It’s harder to read code than to write it.” ~ Joel Spolsky
Let’slearnsome basics!
Here are some simple datatypes:
Integers (whole number)
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6….
Floats (decimals)
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5…..
String (anything in “quotation marks”)
“hello”, “my”, “awesome”, “readers!”
Boolean (I know, sounds kinda funny right)
these datatypes are values at two constant objects
a boolean is either True or False (yes, with a capital T and a capital F)
Want to do something cool? Yeah, me too. Okay, once you open up your terminal, type in and press enter. The next that should have happened is that your terminal should have showed this:
>>>
Did you know??!!: #when a hashtag is put in python, this is known as a comment and it doesn’t affect the code
Did you know that we can keep datatypes stored into variables? It works like this. When you write a variable a word or letter, for example, then followed by this is a equal sign you can assign a variable. Let’s try it out on your terminal! Try doing something similar to the following:
>>> x = “helllloooooo thereeee!!!”
When you pressed enter, you must have not seen anything happen but just another >>>. But, it’s okay, here’s the thing. The string I just put with the variable is now stored. So when I put my variable alone this is what happens:
>>> x
Press enter and theeeeen!!
>>> helllloooooo thereeee!!!
TADA! WASN’T THAT SUPER COOL?!?! And, that’s just the very basics of what can be reached with python.
You can even do some math with python. The arithmetics might be slightly different but I’m sure you will get the hang of it soon!:
Multiply (it’s the asterisks sign)
*
Division (it’s the slash)
/
Addition (it’s the plus sign)
+
Subtraction (it’s the minus sign)
–
Exponentiation (it’s two asterisks)
**
Modulus (it’s the percentage sign)
%
this divides a number with another number and inputs the remainder
Here’s an example of each of these signs and their outputs. You can also test this out on the python which we opened up earlier on the terminal.
multiplication, *
>>> 2 * 9
When we put the equation above, our output would be
>>> 18
division, /
>>> 256 / 2
The output would be:
>>> 128
addition, +
>>> 1000 + 1000
The output would be
>>> 2000
subtraction, –
>>> 500 – 200
The output would be:
>>> 300
exponentiation, **
>>> 4 ** 2
The output would be:
>>> 16
modulus, %
>>> 2 % 5
Would get the output of:
>>> 1
Go on. Try experimenting at your terminal!
!important! : Unlike other programming types, python is very picky with whitespace. Meaning the indentations! Sometimes an error on expected or unexpected indentations may rise here and there but it’s nothing a few backspaces or the tab button can’t handle.
We’ve gotten down with some of the very basics that can be done with programming. With what you’ve learned here so far try exploring and trying this out!
This project is just extremely awesome and awe-spiring that I can’t wait for you guys to try it out!
We. Are. Going. To. Make. An. Arduino. Robot. Arm!!!!!! I know, I know super cool. Now, without further ado, let’s jump right into this project.
The following are what you will need to gather:
1x Arduino UNO Board
1x Breadboard
1x USB Cable Type A/B
2x Button
2x 10k-Ohm Resistor
3x Potentiometer
5x LED (A.K.A light-emitting diode, A.K.A miniature looking light bulb-ish)
5x 220 Ohm Resistor
20x Jumper Wires
Step 1:
First, let’s start by putting the potentiometers, the buttons, and the LED’s on our breadboard.
We will be placing 3 potentiometers, 2 buttons, and 5 LED’s. For your reference, the photo above can help. Yes, I did say 5 LED’s but I forgot to place the fifth LED in this photo, but you should put 5.
Here are some important basics to understand about an LED:
Cathode (-, shorter side)
Anode (+, longer side)
Step 2:
RESISTORS. Resistors. resistors.
Here, in this photo, I’ve put 5 LED’s
Place five of your 220 Ohm Resistors on each of the Anodes (+) sides of each of your LED’s and the other end of the resistor to the negative side lane on your breadboard which we will later connect to the GND on your Arduino board. I’ve placed another photo above showing where I’ve placed my 220 Ohm Resistors.
Here, I circled each of the legs (Anode side) which I connected my 220 Ohm Resistors to
Now, take both of your 10k-Ohm Resistors. You will have to place one side of your resistor to only one of the button’s leg. Do this for both buttons. Here is another picture but of the buttons and resistor placing.
We have finished placing all the resistors we will be needing in this project. You guys are doing an awesome job, btw!
Step 3:
This step will be really quick.
All we need to is get two jumper wires, first. Then, connect the Negative lane on your breadboard to your GND on your Arduino, and, the positive lane of on your breadboard to the 5V on your Arduino (you can find this right beside the GND, usually).
Here is the overview of everything so far
Done with this step. Great job!
Step 4:
For this step, you will be needing 5 of your jumper wires.
We will be connecting each of the LED’s on the breadboard onto the Arduino UNO board with your jumper wires.
Here is the first LED I connected. We will be connected the other leg (cathode, shorter side) of the LEDs to these numbers on the Arduino in order:
2
3
4
7
8
I will also be numbering the LEDs on the next photo so that it will be easier to know which we will be connecting to which.
This shows where I connected my jumper wires to the LEDs
We will connect:
LED 1 to 2 on the Arduino board
LED 2 to 3 on the Arduino board
LED 3 to 4 on the Arduino board
LED 4 to 7 on the Arduino board
LED 5 to 8 on the Arduino board
Step 5:
I know that wiring could be a tedious job but it’s okay because I know you can do it.
Wiring is very important because it connects. It works as that bridge that can help cars go back and forth and connect with other cities. If you have a bulb and a power source you can’t just put it beside each other or clink it together to light the bulb up (even that would be super cool if that’s how easy it was), you need to connect it through wires. So, let’s continue? Yes.
In this step, we will be wiring the buttons and the potentiometers.
Here in this photo I got two jumper wires and connected one end to the remaining unconnected leg of the buttons and connected the other side of the jumper wire to the positive (+) lane on the breadboard
That was easy, wasn’t it?
We are nearly done!
Let’s start wiring the potentiometers now.
For the potentiometer, it’s going to be slightly harder.
In this photo, I’ve connected 3 jumper wires to the right side of the potentiometer then connected the other end of the wire to the Negative lane of the breadboard (A.K.A GND).
And, then, I got 3 more wires and connected it to the left side of my potentiometer then connected the other end to the Positive Lane on the breadboard.
I’ve added the numbers on top of each potentiometer so that it’s easier to understand how to connect it to the Arduino.
As you may see on the picture to your left, I’ve added 3 white jumper wires to each of the middles of the potentiometers because we will connect this to the Arduino Board. Connect potentiometer 1 to the A0 on the Arduino UNO Board | Connect potentiometer 2 to the A1 on the Arduino UNO Board | Connect Potentiometer 3 to the A3 on the Arduino UNO Board.
Step 6:
In this step, grab two more jumper wires and connect both ends of the lanes on each side of the breadboard to each other. I used the black and red wire here.
You will need to connect the Negative lanes on each side to each other and the Positive lane on each side to each other.
Tada! Next step.
Step 7:
Seeeeervoooo Moooootooooors.
We are nearing the last of our steps. KEEP GOING!
We will add the servo motors to our breadboard and I put mine side by side to each other.
I connected three jumper wires each for three of my servos, meaning 9 jumper wires in total.
About servo motors in Arduino:
They usually have 3 plug pins (this is where I connected my jumper wires to)
Take a look at your servo motor. You will probably notice there are three colored wires. Each color represents 3 different things. The colors could actually be different sometimes but, as you see here, my colors are brown, red, and yellow.
The brown is the Ground/Negative (-)
The red is Positive (+) [This wire is usually located at the center of all the three wires]
The yellow is the Signal
Your wires on your servo motors might be different and you might be thinking “WHAT!?!?” but it’s okay (that’s what I thought too) here is how you can compare it to mine to find the similarities:
The Ground/Negative is usually | Black or Brown (in my case, it’s brown)
The Positive is always Red
The Signal can be either | Orange, Yellow, or White (in my case, it’s Yellow)
Better?
Awesome, let’s proceed.
These are what you need to connect with your Servos:
Connect each of the GND/Negative (Black or brown wire) on each of your servo motors to the positive lane on your breadboard (I used a white jumper wire, check the photo above for reference)
Connect each of the Positive (Red wire) on each of your servo motors to the negative lane on your breadboard (I used an orange jumper wire)
Lastly, connect each of the signals (Orange, Yellow, or white wire) of your servo motors to: 5, 6, and, 9 on your Arduino
I know it’s a bit of a mess. But, there are three wires that you can find colored: 1x black & 2x green. These are the wires that connect to the Arduino
Step 8:
This is our last time! Congratulations!!!
Connect your Arduino to your computer, fire up the Arduino app on your computer, copy paste the code below and press Upload.
Now, the challenge whether you choose to accept it or not is to build your own robot arm out of cardboard or you can check this —-> here which was made by Ryan Chan. Shoutout to him, btw. I hope you enjoyed this! I certainly had an awesome time and I hope you did, too!
You can teach others and share your awesome knowledge on building an arduino robot arm, I give some bragging rights.
“I haven’t failed. I just found 10,000 ways that don’t work.” ~ Thomas Edison
First of all, thank you Dyson Foundation for the Ideas Box!!!! :). This has disciplined me with the patience of building a device or an item.
Dyson Foundation Ideas Box is one of the few projects that I am doing. James Dyson, a British inventor, is the industrial designer and founder of the Dyson Company. He is best known for inventing the Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum. But maybe you’re asking yourself, “why? Why did he make this [cool, really cool] vacuum?”. James, one day, was feeling irritated with the vacuum that he was using due to its poor performance. He decided that he wanted to make the product that would be, in his thought, much better. So, five years and 5,127 prototypes later, he made this new vacuum which was the first bagless vacuum in the world. But, that isn’t all! In 2002, Dyson set up this foundation which has the goal to inspire young people to study engineering and maybe even become one someday. He wants students to make mistakes and think in a different way. His “Engineering Box” (which is the one that I received) is filled with activities! Some of the activity cards that were included in the box are:
And, on each of the activity cards are information on like how it works or some small trivia. It’s just very engaging and you could actually find more of these project on their site!
Well, since we’re on this topic, I’d like to share to you guys a few things I have created:
Spy Pen (can shoot far)
Book with hidden camera
I’ve honestly been very excited when it came to making things and the Dyson Foundation is such an excellent way to learn more and get your learning fluids up and running!!
Dyson Ideas Box has pushed me to the limit that I can create anything if I try :D. Inside the box they have sent me, there was a bladeless fan inside but when they sent it to me I had to connect the head to the body (it was very simple).I would recommend homeschoolers to use this and other schools because I think that it would be a great opportunity for kids to get inspired and learn this.
The information which it has for the reader (me or you) has given me a lot of fine concepts to form something out of nothing. They told me that frustration helps you to make an invention because when you’re frustrated at something you will want to do something (exactly how Dyson was with his vacuum). If you made an improved product than the other person, then you should show and tell the advantages. Here is an example:
Original computer
Can hold about 50 movies and 75 songs
Comes in color black (only)
Small
Your computer design
100 movies 200 songs
Can come in all colors
Can come in small, medium or big
[That was just an example I made up]
Do you see??? You have to make your invention more interesting and a better product. When you are writing an invention (you want to make it “TOP SECRET” so that no would steal it from you) you should sketch, and write down the details. Remember if you are making it better than someone else explain the difference. James Dyson had a vacuum which kept breaking apart, and he was frustrated; therefore, he started to make his own vacuum and finally his invention is around countries and even on ads :). He wanted to make kids explore their inner inventor, make mistakes and invent. You’ve got this. We all do! Now explore and try! Find a problem and create a solution. hank you again to James Dyson!! 🙂
Before I end this, I just have to say again…. Thank you James Dyson!! 🙂
With this project, you will be able to control two servo motors with a joystick with Arduino!
For this project you will need to gather:
Arduino Board
Breadboard
Wires | x13
Servo Motors | x2
Battery
To make this (really cool) project, you will need to:
Step 1: Battery
Connect your external battery to your breadboard.
Step 2: Wiring
Get a piece of wire and connect one end to GND on your Arduino Board and the other end to the negative channel on your breadboard.
Step 3: Servo Motors
Get your two servo motors and 6 wires. Connect the VCC and the GND of the two servos to the VCC and GND on the breadboards inputs. Then, connect your first Servo Signal Connect to the Arduino Digital PMW 3 on your Arduino Board.
In case you aren’t very familiar with the Arduino Digital PMW 3, it looks like the photo below as well as the Digital PMW 5 and the blue wire from the first servo…
Your second Servo Signal Connect should be connected to the Arduino Digital PMW 5.
Step 4: JoyStick
Connect the GND on your Joystick to the GND on the Arduino Board.
Then, connect the +5V on your joystick to the 5V on the Arduino Board.
Then, connect the VRx on your joystick to the A0 on the Arduino Board.
Then, connect the VRy on your joystick to the A1 on the Arduino Board.
The photo below shows where I connected what and where. Just look at the corresponding colors to which wire and the connection.
It also looks something like this….
Step 5: The Code
Open up your Arduino on your computer and copy the code below:
//add the servo library #include <Servo.h>
//define our servos Servo servo1; Servo servo2;
//define joystick pins (Analog) int joyX = 0; int joyY = 1;
//variable to read the values from the analog pins int joyVal;
Once you verify and save the code, you can connect your Arduino board to your computer and upload the code to your board. Tada!
Step 7: Have fun and Experiment
Yay! We’ve finally finished yet another Arduino Project. You guys are so awesome! Now, after playing around with this, you can try to experiment maybe add more things (an example, “lights, perhaps?”).
Wait, if you are having any problems uploading or your project isn’t functioning properly, you should double check your wiring and maybe check which Port your Arduino (on your computer) connected to in the tools. If there is anything else don’t be shy to comment down below!
You can make your own calendar and even add, update and view.
For your python code, copy and paste the following:
from time import sleep, strftime
name = “Libster”calendar = {}
def welcome(): print(“Welcome, ” + name + “!”) print(“Calendar starting…”) sleep(1) print (“Today is “) + strftime( “%A %B %d, %Y”) print (“The time is “) + strftime(“%I:%M:%S”) sleep(1) print(“What would you like to do?”) def start_calendar(): welcome() start = True while start: user_choice = raw_input(“Please choose A to Add, U to Update, V to View, X to Exit. “) user_choice=user_choice.upper() if user_choice == “V”: if len(calendar.keys()) <1: print “Your calendar is empty” else: print calendar elif user_choice == “U”: date = raw_input(“What date? “) update = raw_input(“Enter the update: “) calendar[date] = update print(“Update successful.”) print calendar elif user_choice == “A”: event = raw_input(“Enter event: “) date = raw_input(“Enter date (MM/DD/YYYY): “) if len(date) > 10 or int(date[6:]) < int(strftime(“%Y”)): print(“Invalid date.”) try_again = raw_input(“Try again? Y for Yes, N for No: “) try_again = upper.try_again() if try_again == “Y”: continue else: start = False else: calendar[date] = event print(“Event update successful.”) print calendar elif user_choice == “D”: if calendar.keys(len(date)) < 1: #check this line if fail print(“The calendar is empty.”) else: event = raw_input(“What event?”) for date in calendar.keys(): if event == calendar[date]: del calendar[date] # deletes entire entry, inc date & event print(“Event deleted.”) print calendar else: print(“Incorrect date.”) elif user_choice == “X”: start = False else: print(“Invalid command.”) breakstart_calendar()
Then in the command line, play your python code.
Above, the picture is an example of how it should turn out to be. I added an event, updated that same event and viewed! Don’t forget to try to experiment and maybe make this cooler.
The first slime is a simple recipe and all you will be needing is:
Glue
Liquid Detergent
Food Coloring (optional)
Follow the steps (or try experimenting (with small portions at first)):
Put an amount of glue
Comparing back to the glue that you’ve just put, add small amounts of liquid detergent at a time while mixing. Eventually, you’ll start to see you slime form! Yes, it will be slightly sticky and wet but you have to keep squishing it and turning it inside out to dry and make it form. But, if it’s too sticky, then you should add more detergent.
Then, add in your food coloring if you want too.
The next recipe is just fluffy slime.
For this, follow the recipe above, but before adding the liquid detergent, add some shaving cream. You should squirt less than 1/4 amount comparing to the glue. Not too much. Also, mix it in well with the glue before adding the detergent. This fluffy slime recipe has worked so well for me and I hope you enjoy it!
Yes, sometimes it will be difficult and you’ll make some mistakes like too watery or something else but just keep trying.
You could copy the program below and add some more!
“””A game””””””A game”””
from random import randintfrom time import sleep
def get_user_guess(): user_guess = int(raw_input(“Guess a number: “)) return user_guess
def roll_dice(number_of_sides): first_roll = randint(1, number_of_sides) second_roll = randint(1, number_of_sides) max_value = number_of_sides * 2 print “The maximum possible value is: ” + str(max_value) sleep(1) user_guess = get_user_guess() if user_guess > max_value: print “No guessinc higher than the maximum possible value!” return else: print “Rolling…” sleep(2) print “The first value is: %d” % first_roll print “The second value is: %d” % second_roll sleep(1) total_roll = first_roll + second_roll if user_guess > total_roll: print “You won!” return else: print “You lost, try again.” return roll_dice(6)
With this program, you will be playing a game where you will think of a number and then the computer will randomly generate two numbers and add them together. If your number that you’ve guessed is higher than the two numbers added together than you win! But if it’s less than you lose.
In this Project, you will be making a login page. I’ve even added in some code so that if you fail to fill in one of the blanks, make the password less than 8 characters or don’t properly write an email with @gmail.com or @yahoo.com at the end, an error would pop up!
Now, this is interesting :D.
For this, you will need one folder containing three files preferably made with Sublime text, like me.
The first file will be named index.html and you will put the following code:
The second file will be named style.css and the code I wrote is the following:
.footer li { display: inline; margin-right: 20px; }
Lastly, on your third file, name it app.js and copy the following code:
var main = function() { $(‘form’).submit(function() { var firstName = $(‘#first’).val(); var lastName = $(‘#last’).val(); var email = $(‘#email’).val(); var password = $(‘#password’).val();
if (firstName === “”) { $(“.first-name-error”).text(“Please enter your first name”)}
else { $(“.first-name-error”).text(“”)}
if (lastName === “”) { $(“.last-name-error”).text(“Please enter your last name”) } else { $(“.last-name-error”).text(“”)}
if (email === “”) { $(“.email-error”).text(“Please enter your email address”) } else if (email === “test@example.com”) { $(“.email-error”).text(“This email is already taken.”) } else { $(“.email-error”).text(“”)}
if (password === “”) { $(“.password-error”).text(“Please enter your password”) } else if (password.length < 8) { $(“.password-error”).text(“Short passwords are easy to guess. Try one with at least 8 characters.”) } else { $(“.password-error”).text(“”)}
return false; });
}
$(document).ready(main);
After saving this, try out your project! It should look something like this….
Lastly, for the app.js file, copy the following code:
var main = function() {
$(‘#top-text’).keyup(function() { var top = $(this).val(); $(‘.top-caption’).text(top); });
$(‘#bottom-text’).keyup(function() { var bottom = $(this).val(); $(‘.bottom-caption’).text(bottom); });
$(‘#image-url’).keyup(function() { var image = $(this).val(); $(‘#meme’).attr(‘src’, image); });
};
$(document).ready(main);
Now, save your project. Open your folder which you’ve placed all these files and double click on the HTML file. This will open up and you will get something like this…..
If you will notice, there is this (cute) dog(gie) up there on the screenshot with some text. What you have to do is search for a photo that you want, right click to copy photo address and paste it on the Image Url. Add some text. Experiment! Try changing the colors in the style.css to change colours and placing!
Haiii, again!! Welcome to another L.O.A.S.H Guide. Together we can do this! Also, advance sorry for the poor pictures and handwriting (I was in a hurry ;D). In this particular episode, I’m going to introduce a step -by- step guide on how to assemble your own Vertical CPU Computer.
Let us begin.
For this procedure, you will be needing the following materials:
CPU Tower (which is technically just the case)
Power Supply
Video Cord
Harddisks
Fans (CPU and exhaust)
SATA Wire
CPU Intel
Memory or Ram (DDR – III (3))
Port Slot
Motherboard and Processor
When you’ve gathered your materials we can head on to the action. The procedure is the following:
STEP 1:
The first thing that I did was to screw on the exhaust fan. This will help when it starts to get hot inside the CPU. You will screw the fan to the opposite side of the power button of the CPU. The area in which you will be placing this fan is inside and on this mesh looking surface.
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STEP 2:
Time to place the Motherboard. Be careful in this step as the motherboard is kind of sensitive. The side of the motherboard should sort of stick out on the side where the exhaust fan is. This side contains like the usb port and others. Then when you feel the position is correct, screw the four sides.
STEP 3:
Get your Power Supply and place it beside the mother board. You will see a big vacant rectangle space which you could refer to the picture. You could also move the wires from the power supply to the side (just for now) to keep it from blocking your view, we will deal with it later.
STEP 4:
Attach the CPU to the motherboard. Unfortunately, I do not have any pictures to show as the the mother board I had already had a fixed CPU on it. But you can check the guide on INTEL on how to install the CPU Intell, the first seven steps show you how.
STEP 5:
In this step, you will be installing the CPU Fan. This will be going on top of the CPU that you have just installed. If you look closely at the area of where you will be placing the fan, there are two handles where you could hook the fan. Make sure that this fan is stable by trying to move it around a bit.
STEP 6:
For this step, you will be putting in your video card. If you look on the side of the video card, you will notice there is this place where to connect the display devices. You will have to slide this in with the mother board connection facing down. With reference from the pictures below, you will see that you need to slide it down to the one of the available port slots next to the connecting line on the mother board. I circled the location of where you will be connecting the video card to the motherboard in red at the photo slide below.
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STEP 7:
You will have to pay close attention here because if you don’t do the wiring properly, the motherboard can fry.
You will also be needing to look at the photos below for reference which will make it easier for you to understand. So there are 6 wires which are paired in twos. The three have the following labels on it: H.D.D Led, Power SW and Reset SW.
Now look at your mother board, specifically beside the video cord you placed you will see these small metal lines beside the word SPKR on the mother board. The wire colour order you will be following is: R(ed) W(hite) O(range) W(hite) W(hite) B(lue). Reference again is down below at the picture slide. The white and blue wires will be going in front of the R W O W, it (W & B) will be a row in front.
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STEP 8:
More wiring here, guys.
This time, the wiring will be for the power supply. Hold up the wires for the power supply and first get the Main Power Connector. This is the longest connector you’ll see among the other wires. Also, there is a small connector which you will need to combine to the bigger connector. Now, from the guide from my pictures you will notice where you will be needing to place this connector.
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STEP 9:
We are so closeeeeeee!!
Okay, so here we will be installing the hard drives. I have two because the other one is a backup hard drive. Just for your information, the back up hard drive is 500GB while the other main hard drive is only 250GB. I would recommend to have a back up hard drive but if you don’t have any right now, it is okay.
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Anyways, to install the hard drive, first things first is to screw it in it’s rightful place. If you are looking at everything
I borrowed this picture but I encircled the area in which I would recommend to place the main hard drive.
from above, you will notice that there is this compartment for hard drives. Try putting the main hard drive on the very left side (closer to the mother board) while keeping the back up hard drive on the very right side. Make sure that you screw on the main hard drive properly and that it is not sticking beside the back up hard drive because it could cause malfunctioning.
STEP 10:
This time, we will be placing in the memory or ram. Just a precaution before doing this step, the RAM is very sensitive so take extra caution when handling it.
If you look at this picture, you will notice that the area to connect the Memory to the Mother board is already named, RAM. All you have to do is place it properly into the connection area (which is the same place called RAM in the picture). Make sure that it properly fits in before you push it in slightly hard. You will know that it is in when you hear a click and it is locked in. The sides will automatically lock in the RAM once pushed with a good amount of force. When you are finished putting in both of the RAM, you have completed step 10.
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Take a 5 minute break if you have to 🙂
STEP 11:
I’d say this is probably one of the easiest steps.
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Get you SATA wire and connect one end to the main hard drive and the other end to the SATA1 on the mother board. This will be like playing eye spy on the mother board. And, that’s all!
STEP 12:
Hey, remember one of our first steps was screwing in the exhaust fan? Well, you will need to plug it in somewhere to make it function so now is the time to do that. Get the wire connected to the fan and connect it to the CHA1_FAN labelled on the motherboard.
In this step, you will also need to plug in the speaker. This is a simple task. Just attach it to the mother board. This is a row in front of the colour coded wiring we did at step 7.
STEP 13:
Screw in the port slot to seal and mobilise the video card.
20 more steps to go! Just kidding XD. WE ARE DONEEEE!!! I hope you got to follow through the steps and procedure. If you have any questions or if you are confused with some of the steps please just comment down below!
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